Frequently Asked Questions
Section 1 — About this practice
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Most urologists manage a broad range of conditions — kidney stones, prostate cancer, infections, general urinary problems. A reconstructive urologist has completed additional fellowship training focused specifically on rebuilding the urinary tract and genitalia after scarring, injury, radiation, or prior surgery.
In practice, that means the problems that arrive here are usually ones that have already been treated at least once. Scar tissue that keeps coming back. A stent that was supposed to be temporary two years ago. Leakage that never resolved after prostate surgery. These conditions are uncommon enough that a general urology practice may see only a handful a year.
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The core of the practice is:
Urethral strictures — scar tissue narrowing the urethra
Bladder neck and vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis — scarring at the bladder outlet, usually after prostate surgery or radiation
Ureteral strictures and UPJ obstruction — narrowing between the kidney and bladder, often with long-term stent dependence
Stress urinary incontinence — leakage with coughing, lifting, or activity, treated with slings or an artificial urinary sphincter
Erectile dysfunction — surgical options, including penile implants, when medications and injections have stopped working
Genital reconstruction — buried penis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and other conditions affecting the genital skin and soft tissue
Urinary fistulas
Each of these has a dedicated page under Patient Education with a much fuller explanation.
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Frequently, yes. A meaningful share of the patients I operate on were told elsewhere that their problem was untreatable, or that they should simply live with a catheter, a stent, or a pad.
Sometimes that first opinion was correct and I will tell you so directly. But often the issue is that the necessary operation is one that isn't performed outside of a reconstructive practice. It is worth having the anatomy looked at by someone who does these repairs regularly before accepting that nothing more can be offered.
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Many patients are referred by another urologist, but you are welcome to reach out directly. Some insurance plans do require a referral for the visit to be covered. Rather than leaving you to sort that out with your plan, our office will run an insurance check and tell you whether a referral is needed and what it should say.
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Yes. Reconstructive urology is a small field, and patients travel from across Illinois and from neighboring states to be seen.
Because the referral area is large, I hold clinic and operate at multiple locations rather than asking everyone to come to one address. This is deliberate — it usually means a shorter drive and faster access to an appointment. Current locations are listed on the Contact page.
If you are traveling a distance, we will try to consolidate your evaluation — office visit, imaging, and cystoscopy — into a single trip where possible.
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Yes. If travel is difficult, or you want an assessment before committing to a trip, a remote second opinion is available.
The single most important thing you can do is send your records ahead of time — ideally one to two weeks before your appointment. A second opinion is only as good as the information behind it, and reconstructive decisions are made on the details in your operative reports and imaging, not on symptoms alone. Sending records a day or two in advance means I am reading them for the first time while we are talking, which is not the visit you deserve.
Please send:
Operative reports from any prior urologic surgery
Imaging — retrograde urethrograms, CT scans, renal ultrasounds
Cystoscopy reports or findings from prior scope procedures
A timeline of prior dilations, urethrotomies, stent exchanges, or catheter placements
With that in hand ahead of the visit, we can spend the time discussing what to do rather than assembling your history.
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Yes. A significant portion of this practice is women — most often those who have developed urologic complications after other surgery or after cancer treatment.
Injury or scarring of the ureter after gynecologic, colorectal, or other pelvic surgery, obstruction and fistulas following radiation, and reconstruction after cancer treatment are all common reasons women are referred here. These problems are frequently missed or considered unfixable elsewhere, for the same reason complex male reconstruction is: the repairs required are not performed in most general urology practices.
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I hold clinic and operate at several locations across the region to keep travel manageable and appointment access quick. Current clinic and surgical sites are listed on the Contact page.
Section 2 —Scheduling and your first visit
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All scheduling requests go through the Contact page. Send your information there and our office will follow up to arrange a visit at whichever location works best for you.
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We accept most insurance plans. The full list is long enough that publishing it here would be more confusing than helpful, and plan networks change.
Rather than have you guess, we will run an insurance check on our end before your visit. That confirms whether your plan is accepted and whether a referral is required. Include your insurance information when you reach out through the Contact page and we will take care of the verification.
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The more of your history I have in advance, the more useful the first visit is. Helpful items:
Operative reports from any prior urologic surgery — this is the single most valuable document, more so than a summary of what happened
Prior imaging, including retrograde urethrograms, CT scans, or renal ultrasounds, on disc or through records release
Cystoscopy reports or findings from previous scope procedures
A rough timeline of what was done and when, including dilations, urethrotomies, stent changes, or catheter placements
Your current medication list
If you have been keeping track, notes on your symptoms — how often you go, how many pads you use in a day, whether you're getting infections
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We start with your history and an examination. Depending on your condition, the visit may also include:
Uroflow and bladder scan — you urinate into a specialized toilet that measures your flow rate, followed by a quick painless ultrasound to see how much urine remains
Cystoscopy — a small flexible camera passed into the urethra in the office to look directly at the anatomy
Discussion of whether additional imaging, such as a retrograde urethrogram, is needed before planning treatment
The purpose of this visit is to establish exactly where the problem is, how extensive it is, and what caused it. Two patients with identical symptoms can need very different operations, and that distinction is made on anatomy, not symptoms alone.
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Office cystoscopy is common at the first visit. Surgery is not — it is scheduled after we have the complete picture and you have had time to consider the options.
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Usually 6 to 8 weeks, though it can run shorter or longer depending on the time of year.
That wait reflects how few surgeons perform these reconstructions rather than any lack of urgency about your case. If your situation changes while you are waiting — worsening symptoms, retention, an infection — contact the office rather than waiting for your scheduled date. We appreciate your patience.
Section 3 — Surgery and recovery
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Most are same-day surgery, including urethroplasty, sling placement, artificial urinary sphincter placement, and penile implant surgery. Robotic ureteral and bladder neck reconstruction generally involves a short hospital stay. We will tell you which category your operation falls into well before the day of surgery.
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This varies significantly by procedure:
Drug-coated balloon dilation (Optilume®): a few days
Urethroplasty: roughly 3 to 4 weeks, with a quick X-ray before removal to confirm the repair has healed
Robotic ureteral reconstruction: typically a catheter for several days and a ureteral stent for several weeks
Sling or artificial urinary sphincter: no catheter. Patients having incontinence surgery go home without one.
The catheter is the part of recovery patients dread most, and it is almost always more manageable than expected. Detailed instructions are in the Discharge Instructions section of this site.
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Patients with desk jobs usually return one to two weeks after urethroplasty. Physically demanding work takes longer — generally six weeks, matching the restriction on strenuous activity.
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After urethroplasty, we ask you to avoid strenuous activity, cycling, and sexual activity for approximately six weeks. Cycling specifically is worth asking about at your follow-up, since perineal pressure matters for these repairs in a way it doesn't for most surgery.
Restrictions after implant, sling, and sphincter surgery are different, and you will be given specific instructions.
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Reconstructive repairs are followed for years, not weeks. Strictures can recur late, and the only way to catch that early — before your bladder pays for it — is periodic assessment of your flow and how well you're emptying. Most follow-up is quick and non-invasive.
Section 4 — Common condition-specific questions
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Because dilation and internal urethrotomy stretch or split the scar without removing it, and scar tissue tends to reform. Most strictures return after these procedures, and the chance of a lasting result drops sharply with each repeat attempt. Repeating the same procedure a third or fourth time rarely gives durable relief and can lengthen the scarred segment, making eventual reconstruction more complicated.
This is the most common reason patients arrive here — not that anything was done wrong, but that a temporary solution was used repeatedly for a problem that needs a permanent one.
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It depends on your anatomy. The balloon (Optilume®) works well for short bulbar strictures under 3 cm that have returned after scope treatments, with roughly 78% of men in the main randomized trial avoiding another procedure at two years. Urethroplasty is the more durable answer, with long-term success generally in the 85% to 95% range depending on location, length, and cause.
Longer strictures, radiation-related strictures, lichen sclerosus, prior hypospadias surgery, and narrowing near the bladder neck are all situations where the balloon is less reliable. We will tell you honestly if your anatomy falls into that group.
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It is usually the right answer once pills and injections have stopped working, but "last resort" undersells it. Satisfaction rates for implants are among the highest of any procedure in urology, and many men wish they had done it sooner rather than spending years cycling through treatments that no longer work.
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No. Incontinence after prostate surgery is one of the most treatable problems in this practice, whether the leakage started last year or a decade ago. The choice between a sling and an artificial urinary sphincter depends mainly on how much you leak and whether you've had radiation.
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Often, yes. Long-term stent dependence is usually a sign of a fixable narrowing, and robotic reconstruction can repair the ureter and get you out of the exchange cycle. Stent exchanges every few months are a maintenance strategy, not a repair.
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No. This site is educational. It does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and viewing it does not establish a physician-patient relationship. If something here applies to your situation, the next step is a consultation where we can look at your specific anatomy and history.